linux下apache+mysql+php开发环境纯源代码编译搭建

2007-12-19

记录一下我在fedora core 1下通过源代码编译出来的apache+MySQL+PHP开发环境的全部过程

通常安装一台服务器当然使用rpm是最方便的，不需要考虑太多配置的问题，就可以轻松获得需要的环境了。不过rpm包互相关联的问题也不是这么容易解决。 apache,mysql,php这三个应用从源代码编译安装还是比较简单的，配置参数不算复杂，而且没有太多的依赖关系，从源码编译出来的系统也比较稳定一些，方便未来打补丁和升级工作。

编译安装的前提是，系统已经安装了相应的编译工具，一般我的习惯是在安装系统的时候，选择自定义系统并且只选择开发工具包这一项，其他所有软件包均不安装。如果您没有选择安装所有的开发工具，那么之前您至少需要安装下面的rpm包

autoconf-2.57-3.noarch.rpm
automake-1.7.8-1.noarch.rpm
binutils-2.14.90.0.6-3.i386.rpm
bison-1.875-5.i386.rpm
byacc-1.9-26.i386.rpm
cpp-3.3.2-1.i386.rpm
flex-2.5.4a-30.i386.rpm
gcc-3.3.2-1.i386.rpm
gcc-C++-3.3.2-1.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.2-101.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.2-101.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.36.i386.rpm
libstdc++-devel-3.3.2-1.i386.rpm
m4-1.4.1-14.i386.rpm

下面介绍步骤

1、mysql安装
下载一个目标版本
tar -xzvf mysql-4.0.xx.tar.gz
cd mysql-4.0.xx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql <--这个路径是我比较习惯的，您也可以选择其它安装路径
make
make install
在support-files目录中,选择一个适当的.cnf文件,cp到/etc/my.cnf
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysql_install_db
../share/mysql/mysql.server start
./mysqladmin -uroot password 'xxxx' <--修改默认的密码
./mysql -uroot -p 尝试登陆mysql,应该是没有问题的了

mysql.server这个文件可以copy到/etc/rc.d/init.d目录下,设置系统启动的时候自动启动mysql服务

2、apache安装
下载一个目标版本
tar -xzvf httpd-2.0.xx.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.0.xx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so <--模块化
make
make install
cd /usr/local/apache/conf
修改httpd.conf，因为一会儿还要配置php,这里可以暂时简单设置一下，主要配置User,Group,ServerName,DocumentRoot,DirectoryIndex这些参数就可以了
cd /usr/local/apache/bin
./apachectl start 启动apache服务，这时候在客户端浏览器里面输入ip，因该可以看到apache默认的页面出现

apachectl这个文件也可以copy到/etc/rc.d/init.d目录下,设置系统启动的时候自动启动apache服务

3、php安装
下载一个目标版本
tar -xzvf php-4.3.xx.tar.gz
cd php-4.3.xx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs <--这里需要找到apache安装路径的apxs这个文件，如果是apache 1.3版本的话，参数是--with-apxs=
make
make install
将源码目录中php.ini-recommended这个文件copy到/usr/local/php/lib/下，改名为php.ini
回到apache的配置文件中，确认是否自动添加了LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so这一行。然后再添加下面的代码，我一般习惯添加在#AddHandler CGI-script .cgi这一行后面。
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

使用apachectl重新启动apache服务
./apachectl restart

在设置的DocumentRoot目录下，添加一个phpinfo.php的文件来测试系统，程序代码如下：

<?
//filename: phpinfo.php
phpinfo();
?>

这时候在客户端浏览器中访问http://serverip/phpinfo.php应该出现php的参数表，至此所有系统安装完毕。

当然还有一些细节需要考虑，比如将
/usr/local/mysql/bin
/usr/local/apache/bin
/usr/local/php/bin
三个目录加入到系统的PATH里面，这样所有的操作指令在任何路径都可以执行了

配置php.ini文件，将include_path设置成include_path = ".:/usr/local/php/lib/php"，这样就可以在代码里面使用pear代码库了。

上述是这三个应用的基本最简配置，如果需要额外的扩展功能，就要在./configure后面的参数中进行配置了，具体配置的格式可以参考各自的./configure --help帮助菜单。

建议保留源代码的目录，这样在需要添加扩展的时候，只需要修改configure参数，并且make, make install一下，重新启动服务，就可以更新了。

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